A Framework for a Mobile Informative Push Notification and Web Application for the Office of Senior Citizens Affairs City of Manila

An elderly squire indicated the importance of medication intake in everyday life. Some individuals forget to take medicine on time. Also, monitor using the scheduled medicine to help people with an illness. In addition, technology has increased for utilization in healthcare. According to Harvard Medical School by Stephanie Watson about the technology advancement is flourishing in the Philippines, and telehealth stays with innovation to improve digital health platforms. In addition, healthcare services are facing challenges with Covid-19. On the other hand, telehealth gives good service, and about 91% of consumers use digital healthcare services. Also, A reminder system should be simple, familiar, flexible, and recognizable.Technology can positively impact the lives of older people, including their physical and mental health and daily activities. Technology can help people become active. It also increases awareness and motivation to increase physical activity. © 2022 IEEE.

Quantifying the Risk of Wormhole Attacks on Bluetooth Contact Tracing

Digital contact tracing is a valuable tool for containing the spread of infectious diseases. During the COVID-19 pandemic, different systems have been developed that enable decentralized contact tracing on mobile devices. Several of the systems provide strong security and privacy guarantees. However, they also inherit weaknesses of the underlying wireless protocols. In particular, systems using Bluetooth LE beacons are vulnerable to so-called wormhole attacks, in which an attacker tunnels the beacons between different locations and creates false contacts between individuals. While this vulnerability has been widely discussed, the risk of successful attacks in practice is still largely unknown. In this paper, we quantitatively analyze the risk of wormhole attacks for the exposure notification system of Google and Apple, which builds on Bluetooth LE. To this end, we dissect and model the communication process of the system and identify factors contributing to the risk. Through a causal and empirical analysis, we find that the incidence and infectivity of the traced disease drive the risk of wormhole attacks, whereas technical aspects only play a minor role. Given the infectious delta variant of COVID-19, the risk of successful attacks thus increases and may pose a threat to digital contact tracing. As a remedy, we propose countermeasures that can be integrated into existing contact tracing systems and significantly reduce the success of wormhole attacks. © 2022 ACM.

Tourism and Contact Tracing Apps in the COVID-19 Era

The COVID-19 pandemic brought major changes to humanity in a very short period of time. Things that had been established for years no longer apply and a “new normal” has been abruptly introduced into people's lives. At a time when the global tourism industry is struggling to restart, this paper looks at how tourism destinations around the world could benefit by adopting contact tracing applications. The authors argue for a contact tracing application implementation in tourism and propose possible improvements to the Apple/Google implementation of the Exposure Notification System. These improvements include a notification feedback mechanism that will potentially improve the validity of future notifications and a built-in global COVID-19 information feature. Findings acquired through a survey conducted in Greece are analyzed with the aim to investigate whether a contact tracing app is considered useful by the public, tourism destinations and local health authorities. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

Disease severity of the first COVID-19 wave in Germany using reporting data from the national notification system.

As of December 31, 2019, initial reports circulated internationally of an unusual cluster of pneumonia of unknown cause in China. By the end of January 2020, the virus affected Germany with the first case confirmed on January 27, 2020. Intensive contact tracing and infection control measures contained the first two clusters in the country. However, the dynamic of the first wave gained momentum as of March, and by mid-June 2020 over 190,000 laboratory-confirmed cases had been reported to the Robert Koch Institute. This article examines these cases as part of a retrospective descriptive analysis focused on disease severity. Most cases (80%) were mild and two thirds of the cases were younger than 60 years (median age: 50 years). Severe cases were primarily reported among men aged 60 or over who had at least one risk factor (particularly cardiovascular disease, diabetes, neurological disorders and/or lung diseases). Cases between the ages of 40 and 59 years had the longest interval between symptom onset and hospitalisation (median: six days) and - if admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU) - also the longest ICU stay (median: eleven days). This analysis provides valuable information about disease severity of COVID-19 and particularly affected groups.

[Adaptation of the routine surveillance system for infectious diseases in 2020 in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic]. / Anpassung des Meldesystems gemäß Infektionsschutzgesetz im Jahr 2020 aufgrund von COVID-19.

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic the routine surveillance system for infectious diseases had to be adapted. The disease was unknown before the first cases were reported under a catch-all notification requirement for new and threatening pathogens and diseases, but specific notification requirements for SARS-CoV­2 detection by laboratories as well as for suspect cases of COVID-19 diagnosed by physicians were soon integrated in the infectious diseases protection act. This article describes how the notification system for infectious diseases was adapted in 2020 to meet the requirements of the COVID-19 pandemic.In addition to the notification requirements, the list of data that is collected through the notification system was also amended. To facilitate the work of laboratories and local health authorities we have established the possibility for electronic reporting.Additionally, the software used for case and contact management within the local health authorities had to be adapted accordingly.COVID-19 notification data is important for the assessment of the current epidemiological situation and daily updated data was published by the Robert Koch Institute. To ensure timely data and good data quality, the IT infrastructure within the public health system has to be further modernized and the electronic notification system should be further strengthened.

Considerations for an Individual-Level Population Notification System for Pandemic Response: A Review and Prototype.

The outbreak of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, spread worldwide after its emergence in China. Whether rich or poor, all nations are struggling to cope with this new global health crisis. The speed of the threat's emergence and the quick response required from public health authorities and the public itself makes evident the need for a major reform in pandemic surveillance and notification systems. The development and implementation of a graded, individual-level pandemic notification system could be an effective tool to combat future threats of epidemics. This paper describes a prototype model of such a notification system and its potential advantages and challenges for implementation. Similar to other emergency alerts, this system would include a number of threat levels (level 1-5) with a higher level indicating increasing severity and intensity of safety measures (eg, level 1: general hygiene, level 2: enhanced hygiene, level 3: physical distancing, level 4: shelter in place, and level 5: lockdown). The notifications would be transmitted to cellular devices via text message (for lower threat levels) or push notification (for higher threat levels). The notification system would allow the public to be informed about the threat level in real time and act accordingly in an organized manner. New Zealand and the United Kingdom have recently launched similar alert systems designed to coordinate the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic response more efficiently. Implementing such a system, however, faces multiple challenges. Extensive preparation and coordination among all levels of government and relevant sectors are required. Additionally, such systems may be effective primarily in countries where there exists at least moderate trust in government. Advance and ongoing public education about the nature of the system and its steps would be an essential part of the system, such that all members of the public understand the meaning of each step in advance, similar to what has been established in systems for other emergency responses. This educational component is of utmost importance to minimize adverse public reaction and unintended consequences. The use of mass media and local communities could be considered where mobile phone penetration is low. The implementation of such a notification system would be more challenging in developing countries for several reasons, including inadequate technology, limited use of data plans, high population density, poverty, mistrust in government, and tendency to ignore or failure to understand the warning messages. Despite the challenges, an individual-level pandemic notification system could provide added benefits by giving an additional route for notification that would be complementary to existing platforms.